a reflecting optical structure comprising at least one elementary reflecting optical structure having a non-plane reflecting surface giving an image of a pattern in at least one direction of observation of the security element, or comprising at least two elementary reflecting optical structures (9a, 9b) of different types, in particular...

A holographic three-dimensional (3D) image generating apparatus that may use a collimated directional blacklight unit (CD BLU) is provided. The CD BLU may output a collimated light of which an emitting light is adjusted. The convergent lens may enable the outputted collimated light to converge into a viewing area of...

A galvanoscanner including: a rotor including a shaft as a rotational center, and permanent magnets disposed around the shaft and polarized to a plurality of poles in a circumferential direction of the shaft; and a stator disposed in the outside of the rotor through a clearance and including coils, a...

An electro-optic device includes an electro-optic crystal having a predetermined thickness, a first face and a second face. The electro-optic device also includes a first electrode substrate disposed opposing the first face. The first electrode substrate includes a first substrate material having a first thickness and a first electrode coating...

A device representing a reflector, for example an evanescent reflector or a multilayer interference reflector, with at least one reflectivity stopband is disclosed. A medium with means of generating optical gain is introduced into the layer or several layers of the reflector. The optical gain spectrum preferably overlaps with the...

There is provided a composition for electrochromic devices which clearly present only two states, a white-colored state and a decolored state. The composition for electrochromic devices contains (A) a specific quaternary ammonium salt, (B) a supporting electrolyte containing bromide ion, and (C) a solvent containing water as an essential component,...

The invention relates to an apparatus for displaying information by way of at least one fluid. For this purpose, the apparatus comprises at least one display element having two volumes, wherein the first volume is disposed between a transparent cover layer and a non-transparent intermediate layer and the second volume...

An electro-wetting display device and a non-polar color solution thereof are provided. The electro-wetting device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a polar solution layer and a non-polar color solution layer. The first substrate is opposite to the second substrate. The polar solution layer is disposed between the first...

A method is provided for making a micromirror unit which includes a frame, a mirror forming base, and bridges connecting the frame to the mirror forming base. The method includes the following steps. First, a first mask pattern is formed on a substrate for masking portions of the substrate which...

A display structure is described comprising a displaying medium, a backplane provided with an active matrix and a pixel pad comprising a plurality of pixels having an inter-pixel spacing, said pixel pad superposing the active matrix, wherein the inter-pixel spacing is in the range of 2.5-40 micrometers, preferably in the...

A display device includes a substrate that is provided on a display surface side, an opposing substrate that is arranged opposing the substrate, and a display layer that is provided between the substrate and the opposing substrate. The display layer includes a three-dimensional elastic body that is impregnated by a...

A display device includes a substrate that is provided on a display face side, an opposed substrate that is provided opposing the substrate, a display layer that is provided between the substrate and the opposed substrate and is filled with a dispersion liquid in which white particles and black particles...

Electronic paper 100 according to the present invention includes a first substrate 10 with first electrodes 14, a second substrate 20 with second electrodes 24, and a powder sheet structure 50 arranged between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20. The powder sheet structure 50 includes a bottom...

An apparatus for modulating light includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a sealed enclosure. The first electrode includes a frequency selective surface operable to reflect light having a first wavelength, and the second electrode is spaced apart from the first electrode. The sealed enclosure stores electrophoretic fluid and...

A pigment-based ink includes a non-polar carrier fluid and pigment particles suspended in the non-polar carrier fluid. The pigment particles have surface functionalized anionic groups. A combination of an electronic display and an electronic ink is provided, as is a method for modifying the pigment particles....

A laser ray wavelength modification apparatus that includes a semiconductor laser element, a fundamental wave light reflecting element, a wavelength modification element, a selective reflection member and a dichroic mirror. The selective reflection member permits fundamental wave light among light rays emitted from the wavelength modification element to pass through...

A circuit switched optical device includes a first array of intersecting hollow waveguides formed in a first plane of a substrate. A second array of intersecting hollow waveguides is formed in a second plane of the substrate, and the second plane is positioned parallel to the first plane. An optical...

A spatial filter includes a first filter element and a second filter element overlapping with the first filter element. The first filter element includes a first pair of cylindrical lenses separated by a first distance. Each of the first pair of cylindrical lenses has a first focal length. The first...

An amplification optical fiber 50 has a core 51 and a clad 52 covering the core 51. The core 51 propagates light with a predetermined wavelength in at least an LP01 mode, and an LP02 mode, and an LP03 mode. When the LP01 mode, the LP02 mode, and the LP03...

In various embodiments, an optical element, e.g., an optical fiber, may be configured to compensate for thermal lensing. For example, thermal lensing may be caused by light power dissipation within an optical fiber, which may include a fiber core that guides amplified light along the longitudinal dimension of the fiber...